Mass and energy flow model based on an opensource software python has been developed in this work to explore the feasibility of using hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore hdri coupled with electric arc furnace eaf for carbon free steel production. Sponge iron is a mixture of reduced metallic iron, unreduced iron oxide and the associated with gangue constituents of the original ore. Drihbi because it has very little free metallic iron content, being a stable. Detailed modeling of the direct reduction of iron ore in a shaft. Your partner for contracting to commissioning direct reduced iron plants. Nov 05, 2015 midrex is an innovative ironmaking process, developed for the production of direct reduced iron dri from iron ores and primarily natural gas. Direct reduction is the process of converting iron ore into metallic iron without melting. Hydrogen to replace coking coal in the reduction of iron ore. Small pennsylvania state university shenango valley campus sharon, pennsylvania summary in the search for a pure, available iron source, steelmakers are focusing their attention on directly reduced iron dr.
Media in category direct reduced iron the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Pig iron is divided into steelmaking pig iron, which is intended for further processing to steel by various refining processes, and foundry pig iron, from which cast iron is produced by remelting. Direct reduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from direct reduction of iron ore in the form of lumps, pellets or fines by a reducing gas produced from natural gas or coal. The increasing role of direct reduced iron in global steelmaking. Direct reduced iron is produced through the reduction of iron ore via a reducing gas or coal. Hydrogen to replace coking coal in the reduction of iron ore in steelmaking. Iron ore pellets market size and statistics industry report. The volume of steel produced by the, now oldfashioned, blast furnace process is already very low and will continue to decline relative to the volume of steel produced by the electric arc process, for which dri is the raw material. In this paper, we propose and assess a potential design for a fossilfree steelmaking process based on direct reduction of iron ore with. Potential for co2 emissions reduction in midrex direct. Processes that produce iron by reduction of iron ore in solid state below the melting point are generally classified as dr. The reduction refers to a process which reduces iron. Assessment of hydrogen direct reduction for fossilfree steelmaking.
The midrex direct reduction process is the industrys most productive technology for making highquality direct reduced iron dri products, accounting for approximately 60% of the worlds total annual production. Alternative iron source produced by heating an iron ore generally having 65 to 70 percent iron at a temperature high enough to burn off its carbon and oxygen content a process called reduction but below irons melting point1535c or 2795f. It is typically used in smaller scale steel mills to enhance the condition of the steel that is manufactured. Kobe steel has developed coalbased direct reduction. The increasing role of direct reduced iron in global steelmaking by f. Bardin central scientificresearch institute of ferrous metallurgy tsniichermet. Direct reduced iron dri, produced by the reaction between iron ore and reducing. Pdf decarbonization of the iron and steel industry with direct. The stack gas from a shaft furnace in which iron ore is directly reduced is cooled and filtered and then subjected to steam so as to convert its carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water. These concerns have increased significantly since the loss of life. This is called the direct reduction process and is an environmentallyfriendly production process. This product is known as direct reduced iron dri or sponge iron. Mar 20, 2020 directreduced iron is also known as sponge iron and is sold as briquettes, lumps, or pellets. Directly reduced iron directly reduced iron is a product of iron steel direct reduction from ores in the solid.
As a result, paul wurth is able to offer midrex gasbased direct reduction ironmaking plants as part of its portfolio. Find details of companies offering direct reduced iron at best price. Direct reduced iron dri, produced by the reaction between iron ore and reducing gasses. During the reduction process in the production of direct reduced iron, either coal or a special gas commonly containing a combination of. Most gasbased direct reduction plants are part of integrated steel minimills, located adjacent to the electric arc furnace eaf. Only highgrade ores and pellets made from superconcentrates 66 percent iron are therefore really suitable for dr iron making. Aftermarket group dedicated to continual support of your midrex plant. The midrex process the worlds most reliable and productive direct reduction ironmaking technology. Hydrogen to replace coking coal in the reduction of iron. Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide. Direct reduced iron and production of dri part 1 youtube. Mar 18, 2020 direct reduced iron is produced through the reduction of iron ore via a reducing gas or coal. Total worlds dri output in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 in % 2 figure 2.
Directreduced iron an overview sciencedirect topics. Mar 11, 2016 the presentation gives features, properties and various details of direct reduced iron. This book provides a fascinating study of the very important emerging field of direct reduction in which iron ore is directly reduced in the solidstate, using either natural gas or noncoking coal, to produce a highly metallised material, referred to as sponge iron or direct reduced iron. Springer nature is making coronavirus research free. The term direct reduced iron, or dri, has a generic meaning which covers a number of products with a variety of properties and hazards. There has been a disturbing increase in the number of potential life threatening incidents involving the carriage of direct reduced iron dri. Direct reduced iron b briquettes, lumps, pellets, coldmoulded. Direct reduced iron dri is used as a high quality feed material in electric arc furnace steelmaking, oxygen steelmaking, ladle metallurgy, blast furnace ironmaking, and foundries.
State of direct reduction and reduction smelting processes j. Direct reduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines to iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Sis plays an important role in this process, which is a chemical process rather than a normal iron extraction process. The reducing gas is a mixture majority of hydrogen h2 and carbon monoxide co which acts as reducing agent.
Optimization of the iron ore direct reduction process. Energies free fulltext decarbonization of the iron and. Direct reduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron. Introduction of dri sponge iron is a term given to the product obtained by reduction of iron ore in solid state. Midrex the worlds leading directreduced iron production. The reduction refers to a process which reduces iron oxides into metallic iron below the melting point. Understanding the different direct reduced iron products gard. Iron by direct reduction kirkothmer encyclopedia of. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide. The development of direct reduction processes is related to the decreasing supply of the coking coals required for blastfurnace production and the limited supply of highgrade metal scrap for the production of highquality steel in electric furnaces.
Direct reduced iron dri the world market for steel is expected to continue to increase. Chairman, president and ceo john ferriola have dedicated the company. Since reduction of iron ore has the highest energy demand in steel production, a co2 free reduction agent is needed. It would be almost completely fossil free, and if fully deployed, sweden could see a 10% reduction in its greenhouse gas emissions. Direct reduction processes direct reduction is defined as a process of producing solid iron product. Direct reduction of iron ore article about direct reduction. Carriage of direct reduced iron dri by sea chan ges to the imo code of safe practice for solid bulk cargo members will be aware of the general concerns that exist with regard to the carriage of direct reduced iron dri by sea. Midrex is an innovative ironmaking process, developed for the production of directreduced iron dri from iron ores and primarily natural gas. In this paper, we propose and assess a potential design for a fossil free steelmaking process based on direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. The terms direct reduction of iron, direct production of iron, cokeless metallurgy, or nonblastfurnace metallurgy are used in the literature to denote new methods for the metallurgical conversion of iron ore to iron. Direct reduced iron dri is the product of the direct reduction of iron ore in the solid state by carbon monoxide and hydrogen derived from natural gas or coal. Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide kindle edition by chatterjee, amit.
The output is sold as pellets or briquettes called hot briquetted iron. We show that hydrogen direct reduction steelmaking needs 3. S16 u a direct reduced iron dri production plant is a shaft reduction furnace to produce dri with large metal iron content by directly reducing iron ore or iron. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Direct reduced iron dri international iron metallics. Iron ore pellets market size by grade blast furnace, direct reduction, by balling technology balling disc, balling drum, by application steel production, iron based chemicals, by steelmaking technology electric arc furnace, electric induction furnace, oxygen basedblast furnace, by product source hematite, magnetite, by pelletizing process travelling grate, grate kiln, industry. Direct reduction of iron and environmental control, prepared by dr. Hbi is the product of reducing iron ore with natural gas. Assessment of hydrogen direct reduction for fossilfree. The increasing role of direct reduced iron in global.
The presentation gives features, properties and various details of direct reduced iron. Direct reduction dr the spongelike product, known as directreduced iron, or dri, and must be removed in a subsequent steelmaking process. Production of direct reduced iron involves reduction of iron ores in pallet or lump form in the presence of reducing gas comprising co and h 2. Some clean iron units free of residual elements, copper, tin and zinc are necessary as a charge material in addition to scrap to offset residual element buildup by dilution. Direct reduced iron dri production plant nippon steel engineering co. Minnitt synopsis direct reduced iron dri, produced by the reaction between iron ore and reducing gasses, is used as a source of lowresidual iron, in addition to ferrous scrap and pig iron, in the production of steel.
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